Report about this paper In Vitro Activities of Synthetic Host Defense Assignment

Report about this paper In Vitro Activities of Synthetic Host Defense Propeptides Processed by Neutrophil Elastase against Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens - Assignment Example The potential of HDPs as multifunctional effectors of innate immunity in higher organism provides the impetus and motivation for the progress in their research. The research paper being summarized in this report is In vitro activities of synthetic host defense propeptides processed by neutrophil elastase against cystic fibrosis pathogens authored by Stephen Desgranges, Florie Le Prieult, Alan Daly’ Jeniffer Lydon, Marian Brennan, Dilip K. Rai, Anusha P. Subasinghage, Chandralal M. Hewage, Sally-Ann Cryan, Catherine Greene, Noel G. McElvaney, Timothy P. Symth and Marc Devocelle. This paper was published in the journal Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy under the American society for microbiology on May 2011. The journal has an impact factor of 4.672, a respectable impact factor for any reputable journal. Publishing of the work was significant to shed light on light on activities of synthetic host defense propeptides firsthand and hinder other person/groups doing so first. The Desgranges et al have undertaken a study where they have reported the in vitro activities of synthetic host defense propeptides against cystic pathogens namely Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ­ [2]. This paper focuses on the effect of modifying the propeptide by reducing the net change on the antimicrobial and haemolytic activity. The aim of this work by Desgranges et al was to utilize the abnormal amounts of neutrophil elastase present in cystic fibrosis to process several synthetic prodrugs against common pathogens in cystic fibrosis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus [2]. Peptides are present in many living systems and are utilized by the innate immune systems to combat invading pathogens. Therefore this study aims at constructing a propeptide that will be able to evade the host immune system and also be a substrate for the all abundant neutrophil elastase present in cystic fibrosis lung. Since peptides

Literature review on performance management Essay

Literature review on performance management - Essay Example t part summarizes the performance management process, the second part discusses the reasons for failure of performance management systems and the last part relates these reasons for failure to my organization. Here the organization must clarify the mission, goals, priorities and expectations to be achieved. Effective goals and objectives should be; clearly define end results to be accomplished, should have a direct link to organization success factors, set in not more than three areas as attempting to achieve too many different goals at once impede success and should be difficult but achievable so as to motivate performance (Pulakos, 2004). Performance management planning is a tool of communication for ensuring mutual understanding of work responsibilities, priorities and performance expectations (Indiana University, 2005). The planner must review with the employees, both the expected results and the expected outputs during the performance management cycle. These behavioral and results expectation must be tied to the organization’s strategic goals and objectives (Pulakos, 2004). After the managers have set objectives and standards and communicated to all the employees. Their next role is observing how the employees put the set guidelines into practice and providing feedback. The managers should reinforce strong performance by an employee, identify, and encourage improvement where it is needed. Coaching is one method that the managers can use in improving employees’ productivity. University of California (n.d) explains, â€Å"Coaching sessions provide you and the employee the opportunity to discuss progress towards meeting mutually-established standards and goals† (para 4). According to the University, coaching is important because; it strengthens communication between the manager and the employee, it helps the employees to attain performance objectives, it improves employee motivation and commitment, it maintains and increases the employees’ self-esteem